Protein Labeling Reagents
Biotium CD19(CVID3/155), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 95 kDa, identified as CD19. CD19 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that contains two extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains. CD19 is present in both benign and malignant B-cells and is considered to be the most reliable surface marker of this lineage over a wide range of maturational stages. In normal lymphoid tissue, CD19 is observed in germinal centers, in mantle zone cells, and in scattered cells of the inter-follicular areas. Anti-CD19 exhibits an overall immunoreactivity pattern similar to those of the antibodies against CD20 and CD22. However, in contrast to CD20, expression of CD19 is continuous throughout B-cell development and through terminal differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. Anti-CD19 positivity is seen in the vast majority of B-cell neoplasms commonly at a lower intensity than normal B-cell counterparts. Plasma cell neoplasms are nearly always negative, as are T-cell neoplasms.Primary antibodies are available purified, or w
Biotium Fascin-1(FSCN1/417), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 55 kDa, which is identified as fascin-1. Its actin binding ability is regulated by phosphorylation. Antibody to fascin-1 is a very sensitive marker for Reed-Sternberg cells and variants in nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's disease. It is uniformly negative in lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and myeloid cells. Fascin-1 is also expressed in dendritic cells. This marker may be helpful to distinguish between Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in difficult cases. Also, the lack of expression of fascin-1 in the neoplastic follicles in follicular lymphoma may be helpful in distinguishing these lymphomas from reactive follicular hyperplasia in which the number of follicular dendritic cells is normal or increased. Antibody to fascin-1 has been suggested as a prognostic marker in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung as well as in ovarian cancer. Fascin-1 expression may be induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection o
Biotium CD28(CB28), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a glycoprotein of 44-88 kDa, which is identified as CD28. It is the critical T-cell co-stimulatory receptor which provides to the cell the important second activation signal by binding CD80 and CD86 that are expressed by antigen presenting cells. Besides its co-stimulation role, CD28 functions in preventing T-cells from anergic hyporesponsive state or from undergoing premature apoptotic cell death. CD28 is also expressed on human fetal NK cells and some NK cell lines, whereas on murine NK cells the CD28 expression is much broader.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium CD8(RIV11), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 32 kDa, identified as CD8a (also known as CD8 chain, T cell co-receptor, Leu2, and T8). CD8 molecule consists of two chains, termed and chain, which are expressed as a disulphide-linked heterodimer or as an homodimer. CD8 is expressed on T cell subset (cytotoxic/suppressor T cells), thymocytes and NK cells. The majority of CD8 T-cells expresses CD8 as heterodimer. Some subpopulation of CD8 T cells as well as NK cells may express homodimer. CD8 functions as a co-receptor in concert with TCR for binding the MHC class I/peptide complex. The HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein binds CD8 chain (but not chain). The cytoplasmic domain of CD8 associates with p56lck tyrosine kinase.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets,
Biotium Phosphotyrosine(PY20), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Protein phosphorylation is a fundamental event in the regulation of a large number of intracellular processes. Phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues is the result of activation or stimulation of their respective protein tyrosine kinases. The phosphorylated proteins can be auto-phosphorylated kinases or certain cellular protein substrates. Tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins are involved in signal transduction and in the regulation of cell proliferation. Antibody to phosphotyrosine provides an excellent tool for the detection, characterization, and purification of phosphotyrosine containing proteins. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with other phosphoamino acids and is superb for multiple applications including staining of formalin/paraffin tissues.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF4
Biotium MALT-1(MT1/410), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 (MALT1) is found in extranodal low-grade B cell lymphomas. MALT1 encodes two Ig-like C2-type domains and fuses with an API2 gene, which is highly expressed in adult lymphoid tissue. The translocation of this MALT1 gene, which maps to human chromosome 18q21, and the apoptosis-inhibiting API2 gene results in an increased development of MALT lymphomas and apoptosis inhibition. Sites at which this API2-MALT1 (11;18)(q21;q21) translocation commonly occurs are within human lung and kidney tissue. MALT lymphoma expresses nuclear Bcl10, which mediates the oligomerization and activation of a MALT1 caspase-like domain. MALT1 mRNA is found in pre-B cells, mature B cells and plasma cells.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not re
Biotium CD1a(CB-T6), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
At least five CD1 genes (CD1a, b, c, d, and e) are identified. CD1 proteins have been demonstrated to restrict T cell response to non-peptide lipid and glycolipid antigens and play a role in non-classical antigen presentation. CD1a is a non-polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein, expressed in association with Beta-2 microglobulin. Anti-CD1a labels Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X), extranodal histiocytic sarcoma, a subset of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the lymph node. When combined with antibodies against TTF-1 and CD5, anti-CD1a is useful in distinguishing between pulmonary and thymic neoplasms since CD1a is consistently expressed in thymic lymphocytes in both typical and atypical thymomas, but only focally in 1/6 of thymic carcinomas and not in lymphocytes in pulmonary neoplasms. Anti-CD1a is reported to be a new marker for perivascular epithelial cell tumor (PEComa).Primary antibodies
Biotium CD90(F15-42-1), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CD90(Thy-1) is an 18-35 kDa GPI-anchored plasma membrane glycoprotein expressed in many cell types, such as in hematopoietic cells and neurons, connective tissues, various fibroblast and stromal cell lines, tumor endothelial cell lines and others. It is involved in T-cell activation, cellular adhesion, proliferation and migration, neurite outgrowth, wound healing, apoptosis, and fibrosis. CD90 participates in multiple signaling cascades and its effects are tissue- and cell type-specific. It often functions as an important regulator of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Milk Fat Globulin(MFG-06), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 40-45 kDa, identified as human milk fat globule membrane protein (HMFG). HMFG is present on normal human breast epithelial cells and cell lines derived from breast carcinomas, as well as to the outer surface of the human milk fat globule. HMFG is considered as a differentiation marker. It is useful as specific breast epithelial marker and can also provide a tool to study the role of the cell surface in normal and neoplastic mammary development.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium CD4(C4/206), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 55 kDa, identified as CD4. CD4 is a membrane glycoprotein of T lymphocytes that interacts with major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and is also a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus. This protein is expressed not only in T lymphocytes, but also in B cells, macrophages, and granulocytes. It is also expressed in specific regions of the brain. The protein functions to initiate or augment the early phase of T-cell activation, and may function as an important mediator of indirect neuronal damage in infectious and immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low
Biotium CD86(BU63), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 70 kDa, which is identified as CD86. CD86, along with CD80/B71, is an important accessory molecule in T cell co-stimulation via its interaction with CD28 and CD152/CTLA4, a cancer immunotherapy target. It is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors. It is expressed at high levels on resting peripheral monocytes and dendritic cells and at very low density on resting B and T lymphocytes. CD86 expression is rapidly upregulated by B cell specific stimuli with peak expression at 18 to 42 hours after stimulation. Since CD86 has rapid kinetics of induction, it is believed to be the major CD28 ligand expressed early in the immune response. It is also found on malignant Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells in Hodgkin's disease.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. N
Biotium Histone H1(AE-4), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Eukaryotic histones are basic, water-soluble nuclear proteins that form hetero-octameric nucleosome particles. They wrap 146 base pairs of DNA in a left-handed supealpha-helicalturn sequentially to form chromosomal fiber. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form the octamer; formed of two H2A-H2B dimers and two H3-H4 dimers, forming two nearly symmetrical halves by tertiary structure. Over 80% of nucleosomes contain the linker Histone H1, derived from an intronless gene that interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and mediates compaction into higher order chromatin. Histones are subject to posttranslational modification by enzymes primarily on their N-terminal tails, but also in their globular domains. Such modifications include methylation, citrullination, acetylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, ubiquitination and ADP-ribosylation.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other lab
Biotium Neurofilament (NF-H)(NF421), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb reacts with a 200 kDa protein, identified as heavy sub-unit of neurofilaments (NF-H). Neurofilaments make up the main structural elements of axons and dendrites and are found in neurons, peripheral nerves, and sympathetic ganglion cells. Neurofilaments consist of three major subunits with molecular weights of 68 kDa (NF-L), 160 kDa (NF-M) and 200 kDa (NF-H). Anti-neurofilament stains a number of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumors. Neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas stain positively for anti-neurofilament. Neurofilaments are also present in paragangliomas as well as adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung also express neurofilament.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue f
Biotium CD53(161-2), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 33-55 kDa, identified as CD53 (Workshop VI; Code N-L033). It is expressed on monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and on T and B cells from every stage of differentiation but is absent from platelets, red blood cells. CD53 appears to be the marker with widest reactivity as well as the marker with the strictest specificity to hematopoietic cells. CD53 is a type III membrane with both termini in the cytoplasm and two loops in the extracellular environment. This molecule, in common with other members of tetraspan family, is involved in cellular activation as part of a signal transduction complex involving other membrane glycoproteins. CD53 crosslinking induces calcium flux on human monocyte and B cells. Cross-linking of CD53 promotes activation of resting human B-lymphocytes. This MAb recognizes CD53 transfected cells and partially inhibits T-cell proliferation induced by CD3 antibody (clone: UCHT1).Primary antibodies a
Biotium Human Lambda Light Chain(HP6054), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can